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Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.)
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Calendula/Drug Interactions:- NoteNote: Calendula may compound the hepatic and renal toxicity of some other drugs, as high doses of calendula extract (up to 5.0g/kg) have lead to hepatotoxicity in rodents (51).
- AntibioticsAntibiotics: Hydroacetonic extract from fresh plants inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureusin vitro (52), but did not demonstrate antimicrobial effects against A. viscosus, C. albicans, L. casei, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. oralis, S. sanguis, or S. sobrinus on biofilms of infant dentifrices (53).
- Antidiabetic agentsAntidiabetic agents: In theory, calendula may increase the activity of hypoglycemic medications or insulin (54).
- Antigout agentsAntigout agents: Theoretically, calendula may interact with antigout agents.
- AntihypertensivesAntihypertensives: In early animal studies, high doses of calendula preparations were reported to possess hypotensive effects (29). Therefore, combination use with hypotensive agents may lead to additive effects. It is unclear whether topical calendula use causes systemic effects in humans.
- Anti inflammatory agentsAnti inflammatory agents: Because calendula has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, it may increase the effects of anti-inflammatories (55; 56; 57; 58; 59).
- Antilipemic agentsAntilipemic agents: Calendula may have an additive effect with agents that decrease lipids and triglycerides (29).
- Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents: Based on laboratory and animal study, calendula may interact with cancer treatments (60; 61; 62; 63).
- AntiprotozoalsAntiprotozoals: Oxygenated terpene alcohols and terpene lactones from calendula have been observed to possess trichomonacidal activity (64).
- Antispasmodic agentsAntispasmodic agents: Calendula may interact with antispasmodics, as crude extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers have been shown in animal studies to contain both spasmolytic and spasmogenic constituents (65).
- Antiviral agentsAntiviral agents: Calendula has been shown to have activity against HIV (66), vesicular stomatitis virus, and rhinovirus (67), as well as the Epstein Barr virus (68).
- Gastrointestinal agents, miscellaneousGastrointestinal agents, miscellaneous: Crude extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers have been shown in animal studies to contain both spasmolytic and spasmogenic constituents (69).
- ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: Calendula officinalis extract has been proposed to aid in wound healing by promoting epithelial growth and by enhancing immune responses (30; 36).
- SedativesSedatives: In early animal studies, high doses of ingested calendula preparations were reported to act as sedatives (29). In rats, calendula was shown to increase hexobarbital sleeping time (47). It is unclear whether topical calendula use causes systemic effects in humans.
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Calendula/Herb/Supplement Interactions:- NoteNote: Calendula may compound the hepatic and renal toxicity of some other herbs and supplements, as high doses of calendula extract (up to 5.0g/kg) have lead to hepatotoxicity in rodents (70).
- AntibacterialsAntibacterials: Hydroacetonic extract from fresh plants inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureusin vitro (52), but did not demonstrate antimicrobial effects against A. viscosus, C. albicans, L. casei, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. oralis, S. sanguis, or S. sobrinus on biofilms of infant dentifrices (53).
- Antigout herbs and supplementsAntigout herbs and supplements: Theoretically, calendula may interact with antigout herbs and supplements.
- Anti inflammatory herbsAnti inflammatory herbs: Because calendula has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, it may increase the effects of anti-inflammatories (55; 71; 72; 73; 74).
- AntilipemicsAntilipemics: Agents that decrease lipids and triglycerides may have additive effects with calendula (29).
- AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: Based on laboratory and animal study, calendula may interact with cancer treatments (60; 75; 76; 77).
- AntiparasiticsAntiparasitics: Oxygenated terpene alcohols and terpene lactones from calendula have been observed to possess trichomonacidal activity (64).
- Antispasmodic herbs and supplementsAntispasmodic herbs and supplements: Crude extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers have been shown in animal studies to contain both spasmolytic and spasmogenic constituents (78).
- AntioxidantsAntioxidants: Extracts of Calendula officinalis have anti-oxidant activity and demonstrate strong abilities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (79). Therefore, calendula may increase the effects of antioxidants.
- AntiviralsAntivirals: Calendula has been shown to have activity against HIV (66), vesicular stomatitis virus, and rhinovirus (80) as well as the Epstein Barr virus (81).
- Gastrointestinal herbs and supplementsGastrointestinal herbs and supplements: Calendula may interact with antispasmodics, as crude extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers have been shown in animal studies to contain both spasmolytic and spasmogenic constituents (82).
- HypoglycemicsHypoglycemics: In theory, calendula may increase the activity of hypoglycemic agents (83).
- HypotensivesHypotensives: In early animal studies, high doses of calendula preparations were reported to possess hypotensive effects (29). It is unclear whether topical calendula use causes systemic effects in humans.
- ImmunostimulantsImmunostimulants: Theoretically, calendula may increase the effects of immunostimulants. Calendula officinalis extract has been proposed to aid in wound healing by promoting epithelial growth and by enhancing immune responses (30; 36).
- Lutein and beta-caroteneLutein and beta-carotene: Since the stem and leaves of calendula contain lutein and beta-carotene, a possible supplement interaction exists with products that contain these ingredients.
- SedativesSedatives: In early animal studies, high doses of ingested calendula preparations were reported to act as sedatives (29). Therefore, combination use with sedative agents may lead to additive effects. In rats, calendula was shown to increase hexobarbital sleeping time (47). It is unclear whether topical calendula use causes systemic effects in humans.
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Calendula/Food Interactions:- Insufficient available evidence.
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Calendula/Lab Interactions:- Blood glucoseBlood glucose: Hypoglycemic, gastric emptying inhibitory, and gastroprotective properties may affect blood glucose levels (84).
- BUNBUN: Calendula has been shown to increase blood urea nitrogen levels in rodent studies (85) and may have similar effects in humans.
- Liver function testsLiver function tests: Because of the potential hepatoxicity demonstrated in rodent studies (86), calendula may alter liver enzyme activity.
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Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (www.naturalstandard.com)
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The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.
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